General Orthopedics
Conditions
Burners and Stringers
Burners and stingers are common neck or shoulder injuries characterized by intense burning or stinging pain which can radiate from the neck to the hand.
They are caused by sudden movement or a direct blow to the neck, resulting in an injury to the brachial plexus, a group of nerves that run from the neck to the arm, transmitting sensory and motor sensations to the arm.
Workplace Injuries
Injuries at the workplace range from minor cuts or bruises which are non-fatal to injuries such as severe fractures or trauma that can be fatal. Injuries can occur due to slips, repetitive motion, hazards from machinery, falling from a height, burns, or any kind of violent act. Workplace injuries also include diseases which spread through microorganisms.
Understanding Your Neck and Back Pain
The neck supports and assists in movement of the head. It is the most flexible part of the spine and consists of 7 cervical vertebrae, the cervical segment of the spinal cord, spinal nerves, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Neck pain can be secondary to a problem affecting any of these structures due to injury, trauma, or wear and tear.
Surgery for Athletes
Surgery for athletes is different from non-athletes as it is performed with the intention of returning the athlete to their sports activity at the earliest. Early recovery is important as the more time spent away from the sport, the more difficult it is to get back to competitive form.
Biceps Pathology
Biceps pathology is the study of diseases or conditions affecting the biceps muscle including cause, origin, diagnosis, and nature of the disease.
Childhood Injuries
Children are prone to injuries as they are curious to experiment or explore without considering the risks involved. According to statistics, 45% of childhood injuries sustained during playground activities are of a serious nature (fractures, dislocations, and concussions).
Tendon Injuries
Tendons are powerful fibrous cords which connect muscle to bone. When you overstretch a tendon, it can rupture (tear) completely or partially. This rupturing of the tendon due to overstretching is known as a tendon injury. You typically feel a snap or popping sensation when you rupture your tendon followed by a sharp pain which is likely to affect your mobility and muscle function.
Muscle Strains
A tear in the muscle fibers caused by either a fall or direct blow to the muscle, overstretching and overuse injury can be called a muscle strain. Muscle strains often occur in the hip region whenever a muscle contracts suddenly from its stretched position.
Avascular Necrosis
Avascular necrosis, also called osteonecrosis, is a condition in which bone death occurs because of inadequate blood supply to it. Lack of blood flow may occur when there is a fracture in the bone or a joint dislocation that may damage nearby blood vessels. Hip joint is most commonly affected; however, the knee and shoulder may also be involved.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis also called degenerative joint disease, is the most common form of arthritis. It occurs most often in older people. This disease affects the tissue covering the ends of bones in a joint (cartilage).In a person with osteoarthritis, the cartilage becomes damaged and worn out causing pain, swelling, stiffness and restricted movement in the affected joint.
Chondral Lesions or Injuries
The hip joint is one of the largest weight-bearing joints in the body, formed by the thighbone (femur) and the acetabulum of the pelvis. It is a ball and socket joint with the head of the femur as the ball and the pelvic acetabulum forming the socket. The joint surface is covered by a smooth articular cartilage, which acts as a cushion and enables smooth movements of the joint.
Loose Bodies
Loose bodies are small loose fragments of cartilage or a piece of bone that floats around the joint. The loose bodies can cause pain, swelling, locking and catching of the joint.
Buttock Pain
The buttocks mainly consist of fat and gluteal muscle located in the posterior part of your pelvis. The unpleasant sensation arising in these structures as a result of infection, muscle strain, orthopedic injury, or neurological disorders may be characterized as buttock pain.
Periprosthetic Fracture
Periprosthetic fractures are fractures or breaks of bone associated with an orthopedic implant, whether it is a joint replacement or internal fixation device. Periprosthetic fractures normally occur with implants associated with a hip, knee, shoulder, or elbow joint replacement.
Tendinopathies
Tendons are tough cord-like tissues made up of collagen protein that connect your muscles to your bones. Tendinopathy is a breakdown of collagen in the tendon resulting in pain along with reduced range of motion and flexibility.
Muscle and Joint Pain
Muscle pain or myalgia is a discomfort experienced in the muscle tissue and can be felt practically anywhere in the body.
Joint pain is a discomfort arising out of any tissues within your joint including ligaments, cartilage, bone, muscles, or tendons.
Muscle Injuries
A muscle injury also called a muscle strain or a pulled muscle can occur when a muscle is overstrained. This can happen during sports orregular activities.
The ends of a muscle form tendons, which attach to bones. Muscles contract to produce movement at the joints. Muscle injuries can occur during forced or explosive movements or while making sudden changes in direction. It often occurs when a strong force elongates a contracting muscle.
Tendinitis
Tendons are fibrous cords that anchor muscles to bones. Tendinitis is a condition in which a tendon becomes inflamed or irritated. Although any tendon can be affected, commonly the tendons around the joints such as the shoulders, elbows, wrists, knees, and ankles are involved.
Sprains and Strains
Sprains and strains are injuries affecting the muscles and ligaments. A sprain is an injury or tear of one or more ligaments that commonly occurs at the wrist, knee, ankle or thumb. A strain is an injury or tears to the muscle. Strains occur commonly in the back and legs.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which the lining of your joints becomes inflamed, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. It is an autoimmune disease because it occurs when your immune system, which normally fights against infection, starts destroying healthy joints. Severe rheumatoid arthritis can be very painful and even cause a deformity in a joint.
Psuedogout
Pseudogout is a type of arthritis that is characterized by the development of a painful swelling that occurs suddenly in one or more joints. It is also known as calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) because of the type of crystals that are deposited on the joint during the disease process.
Procedures
Abrasion Arthroplasty
Articular cartilage is a connective tissue that lines bone ends to enable smooth movement in a joint. It can get injured by trauma or through the natural wear and tear process of the body. However, articular cartilage lacks the ability to repair itself due to a lack of blood supply.
Chondroplasty
Chondroplasty is a surgical procedure to repair and reshape damaged cartilage in a joint. The procedure involves smoothing degenerative cartilage and trimming any unstable flaps of cartilage.
Benefits of Arthroscopic Surgery
Arthroscopic surgery, also known as arthroscopy, is a surgical procedure to visualize, diagnose, and treat problems inside a joint using a specialized instrument known as an arthroscope.
An arthroscope is a flexible fiberoptic tube that contains a small lens or camera and a lighting system to magnify and illuminate structures inside a joint.
Outpatient Joint Replacement
Outpatient joint replacement is a surgery that does not require an overnight hospital stay. Joint replacement is a surgical procedure in which the worn, damaged surfaces of the joint are removed and replaced with new artificial parts. Your doctor may consider a joint replacement if you have severe pain which limits daily activities and is not relieved with medications, injections, physical therapy, or other treatments. The goal of the surgery is to relieve pain and restore the alignment and function of your joint.
Ligament Reconstruction
Ligament reconstruction is surgery to reconstruct a torn ligament using a graft or artificial prosthesis. Ligaments are tough, non-stretchable fibers that hold your bones together. Ligament reconstruction is performed to improve joint function and stability and may be indicated for shoulder, elbow and knee injuries.
Others
Fracture Care
A bone fracture is a medical condition in which a bone is cracked or broken. It is a break in the continuity of the bone. While many fractures are the result of high-force impact or stress, bone fractures can also occur because of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis.
Osteoarthritis Management
Osteoarthritis also called degenerative joint disease, is the most common form of arthritis. It occurs most often in older people. This disease affects the tissue covering the ends of bones in a joint (cartilage). Osteoarthritis is characterized by damaged articular cartilage, cartilage lining the hip joint. Advanced age is one of the most common reasons for osteoarthritis of the hip.
Exercise for Arthritis
The term arthritis literally means inflammation of a joint, but it is generally used to describe any condition in which there is damage to the cartilage, the tissue that lines the ends of bones in a joint. Inflammation is the body's natural response to injury and presents as redness, swelling, heat, and pain.
